Exploring core symptoms and interrelationships among symptoms in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy: A network analysis.

PURPOSE: Children with acute leukemia have suffered from a considerable symptom burden during chemotherapy. However, few studies have focused on exploring the mechanisms among symptoms in children with acute leukemia. Our study aims to explore core symptoms and describe the interrelationships among symptoms in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2021 to March 2023, 469 children with acute leukemia were recruited from 20 Chinese cities. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10-18 (MSAS 10-18) was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms during chemotherapy. A network analysis was performed by the R software based on 31 symptoms. Centrality indices and density were used to explore core symptoms and describe interrelationships among symptoms in the network during chemotherapy. RESULTS: Worrying and feeling irritable were the central symptoms across the three centrality indices, including strength, closeness, and betweenness. Lack of energy was the most prevalent symptom; however, it was less central than other symptoms. The density of the "induction and remission" network significantly differed from other cycles' counterparts (p < 0.001). Global strength was greater in the " ≥ 8 years group " network than the " < 8 years group " network (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Network analysis provides a novel approach to identifying the core symptoms and understanding the interrelationships among symptoms. Our study indicates the need to assess emotional symptoms in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy, especially during the induction and remission phases, as well as in older children. Future research is imperative to construct trajectories of dynamic symptom networks and centrality indices in longitudinal data to investigate the causal relationships among symptoms.

Identifying central symptom clusters and correlates in children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy: a network analysis.

Background: Previous studies have examined symptom clusters in children with acute leukemia, yet a knowledge gap persists regarding central symptom clusters and their influencing factors. By identifying these central clusters and associated factors, healthcare providers can enhance their understanding and effective management of symptoms. Our study seeks to address this gap by identifying symptom clusters, exploring central clusters, and investigating the demographic and health-related factors associated with these clusters in children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 586 children with acute leukemia from January 2021 to April 2023 were recruited from China. They were investigated using Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10-18 during chemotherapy. The principal component analysis was used to identify the symptom clusters. An association network was conducted to describe the relationships among symptoms and clusters. A multiple linear model was used to investigate the associated factors for the severity of overall symptoms and each symptom cluster. Results: Five clusters were identified, including oral and skin cluster, somatic cluster, self-image disorder cluster, gastrointestinal cluster and psychological cluster. Gastrointestinal cluster was the most central symptom cluster. Age, sex, clinical classification, number of having chemotherapy and education degree and marital status of the primary caregiver are associated with the severity of these five symptom clusters. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of evaluating symptom clusters in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy. Specifically, addressing gastrointestinal symptoms is crucial for effective symptom management and overall care.

Does Monitoring Total and Free Polymyxin B1 Plasma Concentrations Predict Polymyxin B-Induced Nephrotoxicity? A Retrospective Study in Critically Ill Patients.

INTRODUCTION: The correlation between total and free polymyxin B (PMB including PMB1 and PMB2) exposure in vivo and acute kidney injury (AKI) remains obscure. This study explores the relationships between plasma exposure of PMB1 and PMB2 and nephrotoxicity, and investigates the risk factors for PMB-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. METHODS: Critically ill patients who used PMB and met the criteria were enrolled. The total plasma concentration and plasma binding of PMB1 and PMB2 were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients were finally included, and AKI developed in 28.1% of them. The peak concentration of PMB1 (Cmax (B1)) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.68, 95% CI 1.08-2.62, p = 0.023), baseline BUN level (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16, p = 0.039) and hypertension (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI 1.21-11.54, p = 0.022) were independent risk factors for PMB-induced AKI. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.799. When Cmax (B1) was 5.23 µg/ml or more, the probability of AKI was higher than 50%. The ratio of PMB1/PMB2 decreased after PMB preparation entered into the body. The protein binding rate in critically ill patients indicated significant individual differences. Free Cmax (B) and free Cmax (B1) levels in the AKI group were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in the non-AKI group. Total and free concentrations of PMB in patients showed a positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Both the ROC curve and logistic regression model showed that Cmax (B1) was a good predictor for the probability of PMB-induced AKI. Early therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of PMB should be considered in critically ill patients. Compared with Cmin (B), Cmax (B) and Cmax (B1) may be helpful for the early prediction of PMB-induced AKI in critically ill patients.

Establishing and evaluating physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics to manage patients with type 2 diabetes in primary hospitals in Hunan province: study protocol of a multi-site randomized controlled trial in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted an unprecedented and universal impact on global health system, resulting in noticeable challenges in traditional chronic disease care, of which diabetes was reported to be most influenced by the reduction in healthcare resources in the pandemic. China has the world's largest diabetes population, and current diabetes management in China is unsatisfactory, particularly in rural areas. Studies in developed countries have demonstrated that physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics are efficient and cost-effective for diabetes management, but little is known if this mode could be adapted in primary hospitals in China. The aim of this proposed study is to develop and evaluate physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary hospitals in Hunan province. METHODS: A multi-site randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics compared with usual care for Chinese patients with T2DM. Six primary hospitals will participate in the study, which will recruit 600 eligible patients. Patients in the intervention group will receive services from both physicians and pharmacists in the collaborative clinics, while the control group will receive usual care from physicians. Patients will be followed up at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month. Comparison between the two groups will be conducted by assessing the clinical parameters, process indicators and costs on diabetes. A satisfaction survey will also be carried out at the end of the study. DISCUSSION: If effective, the physician-pharmacist collaborative clinics can be adapted and used in primary hospitals of China to improve glycemic control, enhance medication adherence, decrease incidence of complications and reduce patients' dependence on physicians. Findings from the present study are meaningful for developing evidence-based diabetes care policy in rural China, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic era. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031839 , Registered 12 April 2020.

[Preparation and in vitro evaluation of forsythoside A-loaded exosomes].

A drug delivery system of forsythoside A-loaded exosomes(FTA-Exos) with high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity was established to investigate its impact on the migration of human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The exosomes from A549 cells were extracted and purified by ultra-high speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. FTA-Exos were prepared by ultrasonic incubation, and characterized by particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot assay. The uptake of FTA-Exos by A549 cells was observed under the laser confocal microscope, and the impact of FTA-Exos on the migration of A549 cells was investigated by cell scratch assay. The results showed that the average particle size of the prepared FTA-Exos was(138.90±2.37) nm, which increased slightly after drug loading. The PDI was 0.291±0.013, and the average potential was(-10.1±0.66) mV. The FTA-Exos were spheroidal in appearance as observed by transmission electron microscope, with an obvious saucer-like double-layer membrane. Western blot assay indicated that the specific proteins CD63 and Alix were both expressed in exosomes. The laser confocal microscopy suggested that FTA-Exos were taken up by A549 cells and stably maintained in the cell for 4-8 h, and the fluorescence was significantly enhanced at 4 h. The scratch assay showed that the inhibitory effect of FTA-Exos on the migration of A549 cells was significantly stronger than that of forsythoside A(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the drug delivery system of FTA-Exos established in this study had good stability, reliable preparation process, and potent inhibitory effect on the migration of A549 cells in vitro, which can provide an important reference for subsequent in-depth research and application.

[Effect of two manual mixing methods on the accuracy of alginate impression].

PURPOSE: The effect of clockwise mixing method and clockwise combined eight-shaped mixing method on the accuracy of alginate impression was compared. METHODS: From march to April 2018, 40 dental restoration cases in the Department of Stomatology, Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong District, Shanghai were selected. Two nurses and the same doctor treated 40 patients with single crown porcelain restoration. Two sets of models were taken by two kinds of mixing methods, which were divided into experimental group and control group. Clockwise manual mixing method was used in the control group to take the model, while clockwise combined eight-shaped mixing method was used in the experimental group to take the model. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for Mann-Whitney rank sum test. RESULTS: The same high-grade technician used a magnifying glass to observe the prepared impression, recorded the shoulder print, the sulcus wing and bubble generation, and comprehensively evaluated the impression quality. A comparison was made between the two groups, Z=-4.634, P<0.001, and the difference was statistically significant. Among them, the ratio of excellent quality of the clockwise combined eight-shaped mixing method (77.5%) was significantly higher than that of the clockwise mixing method (10%), and the proportion of level IV unqualification (2.5%) was significantly lower than that of the clockwise mixing method (27.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of impression using clockwise combined eight-shaped mixing method is higher than that of the clockwise method, which improves the success rate of the mold and reduces the discomfort caused by repeated impression. Application of this technique is helpful to the promotion of occult knowledge among nurses.

[Further Exploration on the Essence of Yin Deficiency Caused Fire Hyperactivity Syndrome in Precocious Puberty Children Patients].

In this paper 200 girls with precocious puberty or advanced puberty were clinically sur- veyed, and the literatures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating precocious puberty in previ- ous 33 years were retrospectively analyzed. By conjecturing syndromes from symptoms and identifying syndrome types from efficacies of TCM drugs, authors proved that Gan yin deficiency syndrome occupies the same important position as Shen yin deficiency syndrome, or even more important position in syn- drome based treatment of precocious puberty children patients with yin deficiency caused fire hyperactivity syndrome. Therefore, Gan yin deficiency syndrome cannot be neglected in treating precocious puberty pa- tients. Authors further suggested that yin deficiency caused fire hyperactivity syndrome in precocious pu- berty should be exactly described as Gan-Shen yin deficiency caused fire hyperactivity syndrome.

[Ozone source apportionment at urban area during a typical photochemical pollution episode in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta].

With the fast development of urbanization, industrialization and mobilization, the air pollutant emissions with photochemical reactivity become more obvious, causing a severe photochemical pollution with the characteristics of high ozone concentration. However, the ozone source identification is very complicated due to the high non linearity between ozone and its precursors. Thus, ways to reduce ozone is still not clear. A high ozone pollution episode occurred during July, 2013, which lasted for a long period, with large influence area and high intensity. In this paper, we selected this episode to do a case study with the application of ozone source apportionment technology(OSAT) coupled within the CAMx air quality model. In this study, 4 source regions(including Shanghai, north Zhejiang, South Jiangsu and long range transport), 7 source categories (including power plants, industrial process, industrial boilers and kilns, residential, mobile source, volatile source and biogenic emissions) are analyzed to study their contributions to surface O3 in Shanghai, Suzhou and Zhejiang. Results indicate that long range transport contribution to the surface ozone in the YRD is around 20 x 10(-9) - 40 x 10(-9) (volume fraction). The O3 concentrations can increased to 40 x 10(-9) - 100 x 10(-9) (volume fraction) due to precursors emissions in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. As for the regional contribution to 8 hour ozone, long range transport constitutes 42.79% +/- 10.17%, 48.57% +/- 9.97% and 60.13% +/- 7.11% of the surface ozone in Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou, respectively. Regarding the high O3 in Shanghai, local contribution is 28.94% +/- 8.49%, north Zhejiang constitutes 19.83% +/- 10.55%. As for surface O3 in Suzhou, the contribution from south Jiangsu is 26.41% +/- 6.80%. Regarding the surface O3 in Hangzhou, the major regional contributor is north Zhejiang (29.56% +/- 8.33%). Contributions from the long range transport to the daily maximum O3 concentrations are slightly lower than those to the 8-hourly O3, with the contribution of 35.35%-58.04%, while local contributions increase. As for the contributions from source sectors, it is found that the major source contributors include industrial boilers and kilns (18.4%-21.11%), industrial process (19.85%-28.46%), mobile source (21.30%-23.51%), biogenic (13.01%-17.07%) and power plants (7.08%-9.75%). Thus, industrial combustion, industrial processes, and mobile source are major anthropogenic sources of high ozone pollution in summer in the YRD region.

Cinnamic aldehyde treatment alleviates chronic unexpected stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in mid-aged rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: COX-2 has been considered as a potent molecular target for prevention and therapy of depression. However, a recent study showed that COX-2 inhibitor does not improve depressive symptoms in persons aged 70 and over. Therefore, whether treatments targeting COX-2 have a clinical efficacy in depression, especially elderly individuals, remains unclear. Cinnamic aldehyde is a major constituent of Cinnamomum cassia, which has exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activities as a COX-2 inhibitor. To investigate the potential antidepressant effect of cinnamic aldehyde in mid-aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The depressive-like behaviors were measured after the rats exposed to chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS). Cinnamic aldehyde was administrated by oral gavage to stressed rats (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The mRNA, protein expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of stressed animals. RESULTS: We found that CUMS procedure not only decreased the sucrose preference, but also elevated the COX-2 activity, mRNA and protein levels, and increased PGE2 concentration in rat brain regions. Treatment with high doses of cinnamic aldehyde (45, 90 mg/kg) reversed the behavioral abnormalities, and decreased the COX-2 protein and activity (but not COX-2 mRNA expression) and PGE2 concentration in frontal cortex and hippocampus of stressed rats. CONCLUSION: Cinnamic aldehyde exerted antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats, and its mechanism of action appears to decrease COX-2 protein and activity. The current findings suggest that targeting COX-2 system might be benefit to the depression, especially elderly individuals and cinnamic aldehyde might be a promising medicine to treat the subjects in the depression.

[Emission factors and PM chemical composition study of biomass burning in the Yangtze River Delta region].

The emission characteristics of five typical crops, including wheat straw, rice straw, oil rape straw, soybean straw and fuel wood, were investigated to explore the gas and particulates emission of typical biomass burning in Yangzi-River-Delta area. The straws were tested both by burning in stove and by burning in the farm with a self-developed measurement system as open burning sources. Both gas and fine particle pollutants were measured in this study as well as the chemical composition of fine particles. The results showed that the average emission factors of CO, NO, and PM2,5 in open farm burning were 28.7 g.kg -1, 1.2 g.kg-1 and 2.65 g kg-1 , respectively. Due to insufficient burning in the low oxygen level environment, the emission factors of stove burning were higher than those of open farm burning, which were 81.9 g kg-1, 2. 1 g.kg -1 and 8.5 gkg -1 , respectively. Oil rape straw had the highest emission factors in all tested straws samples. Carbonaceous matter, including organic carbon(OC) and element carbon(EC) , was the foremost component of PM2, 5from biomass burning. The average mass fractions of OC and EC were (38.92 +/- 13.93)% and (5.66 +/-1.54)% by open farm burning and (26.37 +/- 10. 14)% and (18.97 +/- 10.76)% by stove burning. Water soluble ions such as Cl-and K+ had a large contribution. The average mass fractions of CI- and K+ were (13.27 +/-6. 82)% and (12.41 +/- 3.02)% by open farm burning, and were (16.25 +/- 9.34)% and (13.62 +/- 7.91)% by stove burning. The K +/OC values of particles from wheat straw, rice straw, oil rape straw and soybean straw by open farm burning were 0. 30, 0. 52, 0. 49 and 0. 15, respectively, which can be used to evaluate the influence on the regional air quality in YRD area from biomass burning and provide direct evidence for source apportionment.

[Characteristics of particulate matters and its chemical compositions during the dust episodes in Shanghai in spring, 2011].

A continuous air quality observation was conducted in the urban area of Shanghai from April 28 to May 18 in 2011. The mass concentration of particle matters and main chemical compositions of fine particle were measured and analyzed. The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 during the dust episode were much higher than those in non-dust episode, with the maximum daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 reaching 787.2 microg.gm-3 and 139.5 microgm(-3) , respectively. The average PM2.5 /PM10 ratio was (32.9 +/-14. 6)% (15. 6% -85.1% ). The total water soluble inorganic ions(TWSII ) contributed (27.2 +/- 19. 2)% (4. 8% -80. 8% ) of total PM2.5, and the secondary water soluble ions (SNA) , including SO(2-)4 , NO-(3) and NH(+)(4) , were (76.9 +/- 13.9)% (41.9%-94.2%) in TWSIl. The concentrations of TWSII and SNA in PM2.5 during dust days became lower than those in non-dust days while the trend of the ratio of Ca2+ to PM2.5, increased. The mean OC/EC value in non-dust days was higher than that in the heavy dust pollution episode, but lower than that in weak dust days. In addition, mineral-rich particle in dust period had an acid-buffer effect, making particle alkaline in dust days stronger. In non-dust days, SO(2-)(4) and NO(-)(3) mainly existed in the form of NH4HSO4, (NH4)SO4, and NH4NO3, and combined with other mineral ions during dust days.

[Aging and mixing state of particulate matter during aerosol pollution episode in autumn Shanghai using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS)].

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was applied to characterize the size distribution (200 nm-2.0 microm) and chemical compositions of ambient particles during a polluted event from 11th to 18th, November 2011. OCEC, METAL, EC, SECONDARY and K-Na types of particulates were the dominant groups observed in hazy day period, which were 27.4%, 3.4%, 7.3% , 45.6% and 5.4% of the overall measured particles, respectively. The observed five types of particles contained the secondary composition such as 18NH4(+), 80SO3(-), 96SO4(-), 97HSO4(-), 46NO2(-), 62NO3(-) and 125H (NO3) -, showing that they probably went through different aging processes, and the increasing of the SECONDARY particles during the event clearly indicated a secondary aerosol pollution. Heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and particles could be the reason of strong 97HSO4(-) signals in the mass spectrums of OCEC type particles while the existence of organic compounds might have an important influence on the aerosol formation with the gas-phase sulfuric acid. Fresh EC particles in the environment tended to be aging with above-mentioned secondary ions by the analysis of particle size distribution and eventually lead to a particle type conversion from EC to SECONDARY. Organic amine in marine environment was brought to the land by the warm, moist marine air mass that dramatically removed atmospheric SECONDARY and OCEC particles from the air with a heavy rain and leading to the observation of amine particles in the clean day period.

[Source profile and chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds from vehicle exhaust].

Light-duty gasoline taxis (LDGT) and passenger cars (LDGV), heavy-duty diesel buses (HDDB) and trucks (HDDT), gasoline motorcycles (MC) and LPG scooters (LPGS), were selected for tailpipe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) samplings by using transient dynamometer and on road test combined with SUMMA canisters technology. The samples were tested by GC-MS to analyze the concentration and species composition of VOCs. The results indicate that light-duty gasoline automobiles have higher fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons, which account for 43.38%-44.45% of the total VOCs, the main aromatic hydrocarbons are toluene and xylenes. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles have higher fractions of alkanes, which constitute 46.86%-48.57% of the total VOCs, the main alkanes are propane, n-dodecane and n-undecane. In addition, oxy-organics account for 13.28%-15.01% of the VOCs, the main oxy-organics is acetone. The major compound from MC and LPGS exhaust is acetylene, it accounts for 39.75% and 76.67% of the total VOCs, respectively. VOCs exhaust from gasoline motorcycles and light-duty gasoline automobiles has a significantly higher chemical reactivity than those from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, which contribute 55% and 44% to the atmospheric chemical reactivity in Shanghai. The gasoline motorcycles and light-duty gasoline automobiles are the key pollution sources affecting city and region ambient oxidation, and the key active species of toluene, xylenes, propylene, and styrene make the greatest contribution.

[Emission strength and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Shanghai during 2010 EXPO].

The emission strength of VOCs was estimated in the study, based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurement results. Air mass backward trajectories were computed and cluster analysis was done combining with the corresponding air pollution indexes and VOCs concentrations. Source apportionment of VOCs was studied using receptor model. According to this study, VOCs emission in Shanghai per hour resulted in the VOCs concentration increment of (5.98 +/- 3.18) x 10(-9) during 2010 EXPO (from 1st May to 31st October in 2010), which was decreased by about 1 x 10(-9) compared to that in the same period of 2009. Under the control of the air masses roughly from the east (40%), the API was lower than 50. Influenced by the air masses from the northwest, the air quality was the worst with the average API higher than 70. The air masses from the southwest also resulted in bad air quality, with API higher than 60. The air masses originated from the west accounted for 25%, followed by the south and north air mass (20%). The VOCs concentrations were positively related to API in the same air mass, R2 = 0.599. During the 2010 EXPO, the emission related to vehicles including exhaust and gasoline evaporation contributed the largest amount of VOCs, approximately about -40%, followed by industry including industrial processes and coal combustion (30% - 40%), and solvent use and painting (20%). The biogenic emission was also considerable and accounted for 6% of VOCs in summer.

[Rosuvastatin attenuates vascular endothelial adhesiveness in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on the vessel wall of rosuvastatin in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. METHODS: Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a normal chow diet were treated with vehicle or various doses of rosuvastatin (1, 5, or 20 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection for 2 or 6 weeks prior to sacrifice. Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was determined by functional binding assay. The expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was significantly attenuated after 2 or 6 weeks treatments with 5 or 20 mg/kg rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced the expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory effects of suvastatin might be responsible for attenuating the pathogenesis of atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

[Protective effects of edaravone on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of edaravone on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (Group A), renal ischemia-reperfusion group (Group B) and edaravone treated groups (Group C1, Group C2 and Group C3 with different drug dosages). Serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), renal MDA and SOD, serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after the rat kidney was ischemia-reperfused for 24 hours. Renal ultrastructure was observed. RESULT: Compared with Group A, serum and renal MDA, serum Cr, BUN of Group B were significant increased (P <0.01), serum and renal SOD of Group B were significant decreased (P <0.01). After edaravone treatment, serum MDA, Cr and renal MDA of Group C were lower than those in Group B (P<0.01); Serum and renal SOD of group C were higher than those in Group B (P <0.01); Compared with Group B, BUN level of Group C had no significant change (P >0.05). The renal ultrastructure was greatly injured in Group B, meanwhile it was obviously ameliorated in Group C. CONCLUSION: Edaravone has protective effects on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

[Regional air pollution characteristics simulation of O3 and PM10 over Yangtze River Delta region].

Based on the TRACE-P emission data and a Shanghai local emission inventory, the regional air quality model Models-3/CMAQ was applied with the mesoscale model MM5 to simulate the distribution and transport status of O3 and PM10 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in January and July 2001. Ten days' hourly monitoring data at Shanghai monitoring sites were used to verify the model performance. Results show that the correlation coefficients between monitoring and simulation data of O3 and PM10 are 0.77 and 0.52, and the indices of agreement reach 0.81 and 0.99, respectively. The Models-3 simulation shows a 27% underestimation of the maximum O3 hourly concentration, but performs well in average O3 hourly concentration simulation with a normalized bias of -3.1%. The model shows a 10% underestimation of the average PM10 hourly concentration, with a normalized bias of 46%. Models-3/CMAQ has the ability to simulate the processes of air pollution transport in the YRD, and the model results are acceptable. Among the 16 major cities of the YRD, the maximum O3 hourly concentrations in 14 cities exceed the class II Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CNAAQS). The high O3 concentration area covers most of the south Jiangsu and north Zhejiang Province. Influenced by local emissions and northerly air pollution transport, the daily average concentrations in Taizhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Changzhou cities during January of 2001 exceed the Class II national standard. Air pollution transport and chemical transformation are quite obvious in the YRD. In summer, under strong radiation conditions, the air pollutants emitted from southern cities usually impose a negative impact on the downwind cities, due to secondary pollution formation; while under weak radiation conditions, the pollutants impact the surrounding area with primary pollution. In winter, the particle pollution level in the YRD is relatively high, which is closely related to the transportation of particulates from the north area to the YRD. The air pollution in the YRD has developed as a regional problem, rather than just a local one.

[Double filtration plasmapheresis in treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of double filtration plasmapheresis(DFPP) in treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Nine patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were treated with DFPP in addition to the conventional therapeutic measures. The clinical symptoms,serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and APACHE II scores were observed before and after DFPP. RESULT: After DFPP the clinical symptoms of patients were improved greatly; serum levels of TG decreased from (83.48 +/-2.54)mmol/L to (4.09 +/-0.65)mmol/L(P<0.01) and APACHE II scores decreased from 12.2 +/- 2.3 to 6.2 +/- 1.3(P <0.05). There were no significant side effects during and after DFPP. CONCLUSION: DFPP can be effectively and safely applied in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.

[Real world instantaneous emission simulation for light-duty diesel vehicle].

Core architecture and input parameters of CMEM model were introduced to simulation the second by second vehicle emission rate on real world by taking a light-duty diesel car as a case. On-board test data by a portable emission measurement system were then used to validate the simulation results. Test emission factors of CO, THC, NO(x) and CO2 were respectively 0.81, 0.61, 2.09, and 193 g x km(-1), while calculated emission factors were 0.75, 0.47, 2.47, and 212 g x km(-1). The correlation coefficients reached 0.69, 0.69, 0.75, and 0.72. Simulated instantaneous emissions of the light duty diesel vehicle by CMEM model were strongly coherent with the transient driving cycle. By analysis, CO, THC, NO(x), and CO2 emissions would be reduced by 50%, 47%, 45%, and 44% after improving the traffic situation at the intersection. The result indicated that it is necessary and feasible to simulate the instantaneous emissions of mixed vehicle fleet in some typical traffic areas by the micro-scale vehicle emission model.